secured for all believers (v. 13) who were brought to faith by their hearing the Pauline gospel and responding to it. The transition from historical redemption to its application in personal experience is made possible by the work of the Spirit who gives to believers now (v. 13) a foretaste of completed salvation in anticipation of the end time (v. 14). There are some parallels in Jewish worship with this style of reciting “the saga of salvation,” and it may be that the model is taken over and christianized